The relationship between Russia and Palestine is rooted in a unique intersection of historical solidarity, shared geopolitical struggles, and a mutual sense of opposition to the Western-dominated international order. While often overshadowed by more prominent conflicts, the bond between these two entities, forged over decades, is multifaceted and deeply significant, extending beyond simple diplomacy into the economic, social, and ideological spheres.
Historically, Russia, and the Soviet Union before it, has positioned itself as a key supporter of the Palestinian cause, often framing it as a national liberation movement against Western imperialism. During the Cold War, the Soviet Union provided substantial diplomatic and military support to the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), viewing it as a critical ally in its global rivalry with the United States. This historical alignment laid the groundwork for a continued political affinity. Today, both Russia and Palestine express skepticism toward a rules-based international order that they perceive as being selectively enforced by Western powers. Russia’s condemnation of Western interventionism, especially regarding its own borders, resonates with Palestine's long-standing grievances concerning what it views as a biased international system that has failed to protect its rights and sovereignty. This shared ideological lens fosters a narrative of solidarity between two peoples who feel they have been marginalized by global hegemons.
On the economic and financial fronts, the relationship is characterized less by large-scale trade and more by targeted aid and cooperative projects. Russia provides direct humanitarian and financial assistance to the Palestinian Authority, often for specific social and cultural initiatives. This includes funding for the construction of schools, hospitals, and cultural centers. Notable examples include the Russian-funded museum and park complex in Jericho and a vocational training center in Bethlehem. Russia's role as a member of the Middle East Quartet, despite its differing views from its Western counterparts, also highlights its continued involvement in Palestinian affairs. While not a major economic partner, Russia’s contributions are significant as they are often unconditional and focused on strengthening Palestinian infrastructure outside of the traditional Western aid framework.
Socially and culturally, the bond is particularly strong due to long-standing educational and religious ties. Many Palestinian professionals, including doctors and engineers, received their education in the Soviet Union and Russia, creating a strong pro-Russian sentiment and a network of cultural exchange. The Russian Orthodox Church also maintains a significant presence in the Holy Land, fostering deep religious connections that predate the modern state. These social and cultural bonds create a foundation of mutual understanding and respect that underpins the political relationship. Through these multiple layers of connection—historical, political, economic, and social—Russia and Palestine have cultivated a special bond, one defined by a shared sense of struggle against what they both view as an unjust and imbalanced international system.